Color assessment to ISO 3668 with viewing booths
Measuring instruments are only one part of comparing and quality controlling colors and substrates. Since no technical device is as precise as the human eye, the visual color control is still essentail for accurate quality control
The ISO 3668:2009 standard specifies how to assess colored materials in manufacturing industries (automotive, plastics, textiles, furniture etc.). in contrast, visual color machting in the graphic arts industry is described in the standard ISO 3664:2009.
| ISO 3664:2009 | ISO 3668, DIN 6173-2, DIN 5033 |
|---|---|
| Graphic technology and photography – Viewing conditions | Visual comparison of the color of paints |
| Illuminant D50 (CIE) | Illuminant D65 (CIE) |
| Graphic arts industry | Manufacturing industries |
Viewing booths requirements
Reproducible conditions are necessary for standardized and repeatable color matching processes. Natural dalight would be a good starting point for a light quality definition, but its light spectrum varies depending on time of day and location. Therefore, uniform viewing conditions require the use of color matching areas using artifical daylight, CIE D65 being the most common in manufacturing industries.
The requirements for a viewing booth and its lighting defined in ISO 3668 are fulfilled by all JUST Color Viewing Light cabinets:
- Either JUST LED moduLights or JUST fixtures equipped with JUST daylight 6500 proIndustry fluorescent tubes (illuminant D65) fulfill the required quality class BC
- Illuminance between 1000–4000 Lux (depending on model)
- Integral walls to shield extraneous light with matte, neutral gray color surfaces (Munsell N7)
- Note: For very bright substrates, the inner walls should be brighter. For very dark substrates the inner walls should be matte black in order to reduce contrast between the environment and the colored sample. Corresponding interior walls are available on request.
- Diffuse, uniform light without source reflections on the colored substrates
- Operating hours meter to show when replacement lamps are required to continue meeting the standard
Standardized color assessment
In order to standardize not only the viewing environment but also factor „human“, special requirement are placed on the observer. The observer must be perceive color normally and should have experience in color comparison as well as a good ability to distiguish different colors. Corresponding visual tests help to choose suitable observers. In addition, a neutral color such as gray must be worn during the color assessment.
Two-dimensional sample plates need to be viewed with illumination of 0° by a viewing angle of 45° (measuring geometry 0°/45° and 45°/0° respectively). Howeder, certain application fields require different viewing and illumination angles, that is why appropriate sample holders are available in the web shop.
Color differences are indicated to the ISO rating scale by hue, chroaticity and brightness. Finally, all details of the color matching procedure should be recorded in an assessment report. A corresponding function to create such reports is available with the PROFESSIONAL series of the Color Viewing Light booths.
Detecting metamerism
Metamerism occurs when two color samples appear equal under one viewing illuminant, but look different with another light. Note the substrates must also be assessed by CIE-illuminant A (incandescent lighting). In the illustrated example, both bodies have different spectrum, that may appear different depending on the illumination type and light source.
For standardized color control it is necessary to choose D50 lighting for prints and D65 for industrial products, e.g. coatings, plastics, varnish etc. If detecting metamerism of the colors or substrates is required, additional illuminants/light sources are needed.
With JUST color viewing booths you can choose between different dimensions and numbers of illuminants but they should always include at least illuminant D65 and A for detection of metamerism.
Recommendations for color assessment environments
- Comply with color viewing / measuring geometry 0°/45° or vice versa. If necessary, use sample holders to provide the correct geometry.
- Put samples close together.
- If possible, samples should have the same dimensions
- Ambient conditions should be as neutral as possible. Try to avoid ambient light.
- For very dark substrates a light box with matte-black interior lining can be used to reduce the contrast. Otherwise the viewing booths must be neutral gray (Munsell N7).
- Obersers should wear neutral clothing to avoid reflections from their clothes.
- Only the viewing samples should be in the viewing booth at the time of assessment to avoid color contamination from other samples
- The observer should be tested for normal color vision and should have experience in visual color evaluations.
- Give your eyes time to adapt to the ambient conditions and do not look at any strong colors directly before the assessment
- If you own standards and guidlines are used, inform all parties who are involved in the color assessment procedure and insepct conformance
- Use several different illuminants to detect metamerism
- If the substrates are fluorescent, UV radiation must be included in sources used for color assessments
- Replace your fluorescent lamps regularly according to the manufacturer’s instructions. JUST Normlicht products contain an operating hours meter that shows to change lamps after 2,500 hours.
Source and further information:
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. (2001): DIN EN ISO 3668:2001-12: Beschichtungsstoffe – Visueller Vergleich der Farbe von Beschichtungen (ISO 3668:1998); Deutsche Fassung EN ISO 3668:2001